Finite element method Piezoelectricity Shape-memory Alloys Piezoelectric energy harvester Ironless Post-buckled beams Bistability Lorentz force law Modèles numériques Electric Motors Wings PIV Optimization Adjoint Method Moteur électrique Minor loops Electromechanical impedance Magnetic coupling Modeling Relaxation method Design Simulation Interval arithmetic Axial flux machines Torque Motor Play model Magnetic field Rosen type transformer Analytical modeling Piezoelectric transformer Optimisation SIMP method Eddy currents Morphing GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION Optimal design Topology optimization PROBLEM OF SOMMERFELD Global optimization Aerodynamics Energy harvesting Sub-differential Dynamic lumped model Paschen Branch&Bound Finite elements Magnetic Flux Leakage Topology Optimization Modèles analytiques Piezoelectric actuators Electromagnetism Magnetic scalar potential Nonlinear modeling Electroactive morphing Numerical model Hysterons Optimal control Actionneurs Permanent Magnet Shape memory alloys Steel sheet Maxwell equations Optimization algorithms Control Electrical machines PDE-constrained optimization FDTD Branch and Bound Algorithm Partial discharges Turbulence Analytical model Exact global optimization Hysteresis Accouplement magnétique Synchronous Reluctance Piézoélectricité Smart materials Electric motor Actuators Inverse Problem Heat transfer enhancement Décharges partielles Shear layer Magnetostatics Deterministic global optimization Time-resolved PIV Force sensor Inverse problem Thermic process Shooting method Conception Boundary integral equations HYBRIDIZATION Sensitivity Analysis Iron losses Torque Modélisation Numerical simulation Additive manufacturing Electromechanical actuator